Both vitamins and amino acids are important nutrients in the human body, performing various crucial functions. Vitamins are considered micronutrients and mainly function as cofactors and coenzymes in different metabolic processes, such as regulating protein synthesis. Meanwhile, amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of proteins. For instance, vitamin B12 or cobalamin has… Continue reading »
Amino acids and proteins have an integral relationship. Amino acids are traditionally defined as the fundamental building blocks of proteins, forming peptide bonds to build various types of them. This linear structure is called the primary structure of proteins, and usually forms α-helices and β-structures as their secondary structures. In turn, they can… Continue reading »
Amino acids are organic or carbon-based compounds that have two functional groups: an amino group and a carboxylate group. The amino group is slightly basic, while the carboxylate group is acidic. See the illustration below for an example. The R group or side chain mainly determines the amino acid’s chemical and physical properties.… Continue reading »
Energy is derived from glucose when it’s converted into pyruvate through a series of complex chemical reactions known as aerobic cellular respiration. It’s a three-step process that includes glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport. Glucose is one of the simplest monosaccharide (or single) sugars. This is because it’s a fundamental unit of other… Continue reading »
Sugars are a type of carbohydrate, which means they contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. They’re soluble in water and, of course, sweet-tasting. Various types of sugar are found in our daily diet, from the table sugar we use in our morning brew to the sugar in fruits and chocolate we like to snack… Continue reading »
We need vitamins and minerals for various purposes. They are essential micronutrients that act as coenzymes, cofactors, macromolecule components, electrolytes, and structural components of tissues such as bones. Micronutrients help control the breakdown of nutrients and the precise release of energy by our cells for various metabolic processes. The human body can synthesise… Continue reading »
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